In the fields of industrial production and construction, high - efficiency thermal insulation materials have always been key elements in the pursuit of energy - efficient utilization and environmental sustainability. As a new type of high - performance thermal insulation material, the nano - microporous insulation board is gradually emerging. The excellent performance of the nano - microporous insulation board stems from its unique microstructure. It has a large number of nano - sized micropores inside. The extremely small size of these micropores effectively prevents convective heat transfer of air. At the same time, its special fibrous or granular structure further reduces heat conduction, making it difficult for heat to pass through the insulation board. This structural feature endows it with an extremely low thermal conductivity. Compared with traditional thermal insulation materials such as rock wool and glass wool, the thermal insulation performance of the nano - microporous insulation board is enhanced several times. In the industrial field, the nano - microporous insulation board has a wide range of applications. In the petrochemical industry, many high - temperature reaction equipment require good thermal insulation measures. The nano - microporous insulation board can effectively reduce the heat loss on the surface of the equipment. This not only improves energy utilization efficiency and reduces energy consumption but also ensures the safety of the working environment around the equipment, avoiding scalding of personnel. In the metallurgical industry, the thermal insulation of high - temperature furnaces is of vital importance. The use of nano - microporous insulation boards can significantly extend the service life of furnaces and reduce the damage caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of furnace materials due to heat loss. The construction field is also an important application scenario for nano - microporous insulation boards. In terms of building exterior wall insulation, it can effectively reduce the energy consumption of buildings and help achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. Especially in cold regions, buildings using nano - microporous insulation boards can better maintain indoor temperature and reduce the energy consumption required for winter heating. At the same time, in some buildings with high requirements for sound insulation, the nano - microporous insulation board, due to its special structure, can also play a certain role in absorbing sound and reducing noise, improving the comfort of the living environment. In addition, in the aerospace field, the nano - microporous insulation board has also begun to be applied. Due to its characteristics of light weight and good thermal insulation performance, it can meet the thermal insulation needs of spacecraft in extreme temperature environments, helping to protect the instruments and equipment inside the spacecraft and ensure their normal operation. In conclusion, the nano - microporous insulation board, with its excellent performance, shows great application potential in multiple fields. With the continuous advancement of technology and the gradual reduction of costs, it is believed that it will play an even more important role in future energy - efficient utilization and the development of green buildings.