Quantum Dots (QDs)—semiconductor nanocrystals characterized by narrow Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) emission spectra, high Photoluminescence Quantum Yields (PLQY), and size-tunable bandgaps—represent materials for next-generation ultra-high-definition displays (such as QLEDs and Micro-LEDs) and flexible optoelectronic devices. However, colloidal quantum dots present operational limitations when processed into dense solid-state thin films. First, close-packed QD assemblies undergo irreversible nanoscale aggregation, which triggers non-radiative energy transfer and Aggregation-Caused Quenching (ACQ), diminishing luminescence efficiency. Second, surface-passivating ligands readily detach under photothermal exposure, ambient oxygen, and moisture ingress, driving degradation of quantum efficiency.

Aerogels—offering specific surface areas, open three-dimensional interconnected pore networks, and physical spatial confinement—provide a microscopic matrix for addressing quantum dot aggregation and environmental instability. Utilizing in-situ sol-gel synthesis or pore-surface self-assembly, engineering teams immobilize monodisperse quantum dots (e.g., halide perovskite $text{CsPbX}_3$ nanocrystals or CdSe/ZnS core-shell heterostructures) onto the nanoscale nodes of silica, cellulose, or polyimide aerogel backbones.

Within these QD/aerogel photoluminescent composites, the aerogel pore structure performs as a physical spacer and protective barrier. The solid aerogel skeleton spatially isolates adjacent quantum dots, preventing direct physical contact and suppression of ACQ mechanisms. Consequently, the composite maintains photoluminescence quantum yields that rival those of dilute liquid colloidal suspensions. Concurrently, the intrinsic thermal insulation and tortuous mass-transport barriers of the aerogel matrix restrict the diffusion of atmospheric moisture and molecular oxygen, while suppressing localized photothermal heat accumulation. This elevates the operational stability of embedded QD emitters.

In flexible display engineering and smart optoelectronics, photoluminescent aerogel composites provide functional capabilities. Flexible cellulosic or polymeric luminescent aerogels can undergo mechanical bending, stretching, or twisting without inducing spectral shifts or luminescence quenching. Taking advantage of the high porosity and anisotropic light scattering of aerogels, luminescent aerogel films act as color conversion layers (CCLs) in Micro-LED displays. These films expand color gamut coverage while mitigating total internal reflection losses at dielectric interfaces. Furthermore, exploiting the fluorescence quenching or enhancement responses of embedded quantum dots toward target volatile molecules enables the fabrication of flexible optical gas sensors and anti-counterfeiting luminescent tags. The integration of quantum dots within porous aerogel networks is creating pathways for flexible optoelectronic devices.